Negative Impact of Social Websites Essay Example for Free

Negative Impact of Social Websites Essay Long range interpersonal communication has enormously affected society, particularly when it boils down to basic locales, for example, Facebook, My space, or even Twitter. It has been seen to have both a negative and constructive outcome on society. Albeit informal communities can have great and constructive outcome on individuals yet shockingly it has a lot of negative impacts on understudies. Through reports its assessed that interpersonal interaction destinations has shaped another sort of dependence which we call the web based life compulsion and it is very evident in utilizing Facebook,twitter,hi5 and so forth. Is it accurate to say that you are dependent on Facebook? Twitter? hi5? (and so forth. A few understudies would state yes and some would state no. It relies upon the degree of yearnings. In any case, it was discovered that a great deal of understudies are at this point dependent on it, to the degree that their school execution is influenced. Youngsters who invest quite a bit of their energy online think that its harder to center in class and have limited capacity to focus, Researchers have discovered it out through the examples that 7 out of 10 educators said that their understudies are getting dependent with social sites, for example, Facebook or twitter. Their understudies will in general investigation while utilizing Facebook or twitter and it shows that they got 20% lower grades. Social locales utilizing understudies even perform study related undertaking without fruition for the explanation that they invest more energy looking on their updates about their companions and search up for their warnings as opposed to completing their school assignments. Aside that Facebook influences student’s scholarly execution; it likewise affects student’s enthusiastic wellbeing. Understudies feel associated with others yet study shows that they show gloom through observing their announcements. Some would use the site to communicate what they feel towards their opponent in school or even outside the grounds. They would exclaim through posting status that would focus on their rival just to offend them. 1. Adolescents who use Facebook all the more regularly show progressively narcissistic propensities while youthful grown-ups who have a solid Facebook nearness give more indications of other mental issue, including solitary practices, lunacy and forceful inclinations. 2. Day by day abuse of media and innovation negatively affects the strength everything being equal, preteens and young people by making them progressively inclined to discouragement, and other mental issue, just as by making them increasingly helpless to future medical issues. . Understudies generally use slang words or abbreviated types of words on informal communication destinations. They begin depending on the PC sentence structure and spelling check highlights. This diminishes their order over the language and their exploratory writing abilities. 4. The student’s inspirational level lessens because of the utilizatio n of these long range informal communication destinations. They depend on the virtual condition as opposed to increasing commonsense information from this present reality. 5. The additional time the understudies spend on these web-based social networking locales, the less time they will go through associating face to face with others. This diminishes their relational abilities. They won't have the option to convey and mingle viably face to face with others. The businesses are getting increasingly more unsatisfied with the relational abilities of the new alumni because of this explanation. The compelling relational abilities are a key to accomplishment in reality. 6. Facebook and different destinations can be very diverting for understudies and can affect contrarily on their learning, reports have demonstrated that the understudies who check their Facebook or social record at any rate once is an examination time of 15 minutes has scored lower grades in their investigations. Without a doubt there can be numerous different explanations behind a student’s absentmindedness in examines. Be that as it may, by one way or another interpersonal organizations like Facebook, Orkut, and Twitter and so on negatively affect the training of certain understudies. Facebook could make understudies vain for better or for more regrettable and it is the parent’s and teacher’s obligation to watch and guide their kids to get the most extreme great advantages from Social systems administration site. Great MIND ALWAYS GOOD FIND

Windows vs Linux free essay sample

This report breaks down the various highlights of both working frameworks so as to come to an end result on which OS is better for day by day use. The two frameworks are assessed on a wide scope of standards, for example, cost, establishment process, programming applications, equipment, UI, security/dependability, investigating, and the usage of the OS itself. These will help choose which of the two frameworks is smarter to use every day. Before I start the correlation the peruser has to realize that Windows is made, kept up, and refreshed by Microsoft. Nobody from outside can get to the basic code. In any case, Linux is made and refreshed by volunteers everywhere throughout the world, which is the reason there are such a significant number of various varieties of Linux like Red Hat, SuSE, Mandrake Soft and a couple of something else. The significant highlights of the working frameworks are talked about underneath. COST:- The Windows working framework is fundamentally more costly than the Linux working framework. We will compose a custom paper test on Windows versus Linux or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Truth be told, the Linux OS can even be gotten for no expense through numerous sites. Additionally, just one duplicate of Windows can be introduced once, though Linux can be introduced the same number of times varying. As of January 2005, the cost of a Windows-based working framework is $300. 00 at Wal-Mart, while the cost of a Linux-based working framework is $200. 00. In this way, with regards to cost, Linux is best over Windows. The establishment of the Windows OS is increasingly clear and obvious. Nearly anybody can introduce Windows on a PC. Establishment of the Linux OS, then again, is convoluted since the guidelines are written in an exceptionally specialized language that relatively few normal PC clients know about. More often than not, a specialist is required to play out the establishment of Linux. This was once mockingly alluded to in an animation: to Linux, â€Å"non-technical† individuals implied the individuals who have never really made something for Linux and not individuals who have never utilized Linux. The methodology for introducing Windows or some other programming is consistently steady and changes a lot from the establishment of Linux and its product. A normal individual with a restricted information on PCs would lean toward Windows over Linux for its basic and direct establishment process. There are more programming applications accessible for the Windows OS than for the Linux. Be that as it may, the applications for Windows are over the top expensive, though the product for Linux is frequently accessible at an a lot less expensive cost. Most programming for Linux is incorporated with its establishment CD, while for Windows, everything must be bought independently at a significant expense. Additionally, by and large, the product for both working frameworks is identical, yet there is a huge value distinction between them. An individual utilizing the PC every day and who needs different programming applications will lean toward Linux over Windows. More equipment is accessible for Windows than for Linux. Be that as it may, Linux is good with most equipment and it runs on practically any stage. It can likewise run from a CD-ROM while Windows must be introduced on the hard drive before it very well may be utilized. Along these lines, for somebody who utilizes a great deal of equipment, for example, CD/DVD copier or printer, Windows would be more valuable than Linux. Windows is more easy to understand say thanks to Linux. Notwithstanding, Linux is more adjustable than Windows since its code is open to anybody. For somebody who couldn't care less much about the additional highlights, for example, the uniqueness of the work area, Windows will be better a result of its easy to use interface. As of May 2004, it was determined that there are around 40000 infections made for Windows in the course of recent years. [1] Furthermore, this tally of infections suggests that Windows is being assaulted by very nearly 10 infections for each day. Contrasted with Windows, Linux is sans infection. Linux carefully requests the authoritative secret phrase before downloading or introducing any application to guarantee wellbeing and security. When you are into a regulatory record in Windows you can get to pretty much all aspects of the PC without any issues by any means. When an infection enters Windows through a managerial record, it has basically no issue in introducing itself and undermining the framework. Additionally, in Linux you totally need to have a client ID and a secret key to login, while in Windows you have a choice to kill that highlight. Along these lines Linux is certainly more steady than Windows.. There are a bigger number of professionals and specialists for Windows than for Linux. In any case, that doesn't represent an issue since Linux is moderately more steady than Windows. There is additionally a great deal of online assistance accessible for Linux. Along these lines, a normal client who doesn't have a lot of information on the most proficient method to investigate PCs may incline toward Windows over Linux. The source code of Windows is known as â€Å"closed-source† in nature: the basic code can't be gotten to by anybody aside from the individuals who really work for Microsoft. The source-code of Linux is known as â€Å"open-source† in nature, and its code can be gotten to and adjusted by anybody. It is because of this nature of Linux that there are such a large number of varieties of Linux available today. It additionally makes it special and adjustable from others. In any case, a normal individual probably won't realize how to fix code, and may favor Windows over Linux. Windows has been around in the market for over 10 years, and has discovered its way in to pretty much every user’s PC. Linux was no opposition to Windows until around two years prior. Along these lines, a few people accept that the more drawn out an item is available the better it is, and for those individuals, Windows ight bid more than Linux. At the point when it comes down to looking at the two working frameworks, the most significant measures will be the cost, programming applications, and the security and soundness. Linux beats Windows in cost, security and strength, and programming applications. In different models, Windows beats Linux. In any case, over the long haul, the initial three standards are considerably more noteworthy than the rest. In this manner, Linux ends up being a superior working framework than Windows for a day by day client. Some point by point information about LINUX and WINDOWS†¦.. Linux has made some genuine progress over the previous decade, hoisting itself from â€Å"that open source working system† to â€Å"wow, this thing is really usable! † There’s been a delicate however clear stream of clients from Windows toward the more liberated choice of Linux and perhaps you’re contemplating making that jump. Yet, would it be a good idea for you to? Here are some principal contrasts among Windows and Linux. Peruse them and be total sure that you’re ready to endure the expectation to absorb information on the grounds that there’s nothing more awful than hopping carelessly into something surprising. Document Structure:- [pic] The key structure of Linux is totally unique in relation to Windowsâ€as it ought to be, taking into account that it was created over a different codebase with discrete engineers. You won’t discover a My Documentsâ on Ubuntu, nor will you find Program Filesâ on Fedora. There are no C: or D: drives. Rather, there is one single document tree and your drives are mounted into that tree. So also, your homeâ directory and yourâ desktopâ directory, they’re both piece of that solitary document tree. In fact, you’ll need to get familiar with an entirely different record framework and its engineering; basically, it’s not extremely hard, yet the thing that matters is still there. No Registry:- [pic] Have you known about the Windows vault? In the event that you haven’t, here’s an amazingly quick intensive lesson: it’s an ace database of the considerable number of settings on your PC. It holds application data, client passwords, gadget informationâ€pretty much anything you can consider. In the event that it’s not put away as a record, it’s most likely put away in the library. Linux doesn’t have a vault. The applications on a Linux machine store their settings on a program-by-program premise under the chain of command of clients. In this sense, Linux designs are measured. You won’t locate a unified database that needs intermittent cleaning here. Bundle Manager:- [pic] On Windows, you frequently need to tinker with this thing called anâ installation bundle. You visit some site, go to their download area, and snap on the connection that sends you a . exe record. You run it and the program does its thing and that’s when you believe it to be â€Å"installed. † And when you need to expel programs, you need to meddle with the Control Panel. Isn't that so? With most Linux frameworks, you won’t need to manage that any longer. Rather, you’ll have something many refer to as aâ package supervisor, which is basically a middle for perusing, introducing, and expelling program bundles. Rather than visiting the Firefox site, you can simply look through your bundle manager’s storehouses and download it straight. By and by, this is one of my preferred contrasts among Linux and Windows. Tradable Interfaces:- [pic] The Windows interface hasn’t experienced a lot of development in a long, long time. Certainly, there’s Aero that accompanied Windows Vista. Prior to that, XP made some little enhancements over Windows Classic. Be that as it may, the Start Menu, Taskbar, System Tray, Windows Explorerâ€all of it was on a very basic level something very similar. On Linux, the interface is totally cut off from the center framework. You can switch up your interface condition without messing about with reinstallations and so forth. There’s GNOME and KDE and the later Unity, just as various lesser-known assortments that all emphasis on various viewpoints. Order Terminal:- [pic] Linux has a (blurring) notoriety for being the working framework for nerds and that notoriety mos

Financial Performance for SAC 2010 & 2011 Assignment

Monetary Performance for SAC 2010 and 2011 - Assignment Example Toward the end, suggestions are introduced for Sparklin Automotive Company based on execution assessment introduced in the report. Proportion examination alludes to the money related investigation apparatus through which monetary investigators complete the examination of a company’s budgetary execution by leading a quantitative investigation. To decide various proportions for the organization, its fiscal reports are thought of, which incorporate similar data, for example data relating to more than one monetary year (Albrecht, Stice, and Stice, 2008; Eugene F. Brigham, 2012; Needles and Powers, 2010). Current proportion is a proportion of liquidity position of an organization, which decides the measure of fluid resources controlled by an organization in correlation with the sums owed by it in short run. The proportion is controlled by separating current resources with current liabilities of the organization (Needles and Powers, 2010). The obligation to value proportion for an organization shows that how far a company’s money is acquired through obtaining concerning the all out value of the organization. This proportion, as the name proposes, is dictated by isolating the all out obligation of the organization with complete value (Needles and Powers, 2010). The stock turnover proportion shows the recurrence with which a company’s stock is sold over some undefined time frame. The proportion is controlled by isolating the all out deals income with the normal stock level or closure stock, by and large (Needles and Powers, 2010). This proportion connotes the proficiency of an organization regarding the assortment of its sums owed to indebted individuals. At the point when records of sales turnover is high, it is viewed as ideal in light of the fact that the organization can keep up a lower level of receivables concerning all out incomes earned using a loan. The proportion is dictated by separating the all out incomes earned with accounts receivables (Needles and Powers, 2010). The gross edge rate is a proportion which shows net edge as a

Female Political Participation - Free Essay Example

The right to participate in the political life and the right to vote and stand for election are essential citizenship rights.[1] However, the lack of equal representation of historically excluded groups was not until recently considered a shortcoming of democracy itself.[2] The male domination in politics was not either considered a violation of womens citizenship rights as long as women had the right to vote.[3] Today however, a male-dominated political structure has lost its democratic legitimacy and gender balance is required not just more women in politics.[4] A large number of countries are still far behind; 72 countries currently have less than 15 per cent women in their parliaments.[5] Countries that have the highest numbers of womens representation in parliaments, with Rwanda at the top of the list with 64 per cent women in its parliament, are spread all over the world and have various levels of economic development or democratic liberties.[6] As of October 201 3, the Nordic countries had the highest regional average of womens representation in parliaments with 42 per cent women in their parliaments.[7] The Americas, Europe (excluding the Nordic countries) and Sub-Saharan Africa were next with 24.8, 22.8 and 21.1 per cent respectively.[8] Asia (19.1 per cent), the Arab states (17.8 per cent) and the Pacific (13.1 per cent) were at the bottom.[9] These figures seem to be the result of a number of factors which continue to hamper womens involvement in politics.[10] Patriarchy as a system based on male domination shapes womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s relationship with politics.[11] It divides gender into men and women and establishes a hierarchy of gender relations making men privileged.[12] The gender role culture of patriarchal societies is used as a tool to place women within the private sphere as mothers and wives, and place men in the public sphere.[13] Although the gender role culture is not static rather remains in a continuous change whi le intersecting with economic, social and political systems of a particular society, women continue to be assigned to the private sphere across countries, and consequently, they have been excluded from politics.[14] The responsibility of women as mothers and wives as well as their domestic duties complicate and obstruct their involvement and participation in the public sphere.[15] In addition, the political arena is organized according to male norms, values and lifestyles.[16] It is based on the idea of competition and confrontation, and often ignores systematic collaboration and consensus.[17] Women often reject this type of male-style politics, and may even reject politics altogether for this reason.[18] The first is that women mobilize for quotas in order to increase their political representation.[19] The women involved in quota campaigns vary remarkably and may include womens organizations inside political parties, womens movements in civil society, womens movements in other countries and sometimes even individual women who are close to influential men.[20] The second explanation is that political elites adopt quotas for strategic reasons often related to competition with other parties.[21] Various case studies suggest that party elites adopt quotas when one of their rivals adopts them.[22] In other contexts, elites may view quotas as a means to demonstrate their commitment to womens rights without a real intention to change existing patterns of inequality, or as a means to achieve other political purposes.[23] The third explanation is that quotas are adopted when they tangles with existing or emerging notions of equality and representation.[24] Some scholars view the adoption of gender quota policies as consistent with ideas of equality and fair access.[25] They indicate that left-wing parties are more open to gender quotas because they match with their goals of social equality.[26] It is also noticed that quotas often emerge during periods of democra tic modernization, as they may be seen by countries as a way to establish legitimacy of new political systems during democratic transition or the establishment of new democratic structures.[27] The fourth explanation is that quotas are supported by international norms and spread through transnational sharing.[28] Since 1995, several international organizations have issued declarations recommending all member-states to make efforts to increase womens representation in political bodies.[29] Gender quotas have proved to be the most effective tool for increasing womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s representation in elected bodies of government.[30] Other scholars distinguish between different types of electoral gender quotas on the basis on two dimensions. First, there are differences in quotas depending on where they are mandated.[31] Legal quotas are mandated in the constitution and/or electoral law and are, therefore, binding for all political parties, while voluntary party quotas are man dated in the party statutes or programs and are adopted by individual parties for their own electoral lists.[32] Second, differences in quotas depend on the stage of the electoral process they target, whether the pool of aspirants who intend to stand for election, or the candidates who are nominated to represent the party.[33] Whereas the classic liberal notion of equality stressed equal opportunity or competitive equality, quotas represent a shift towards equality of results.[34] Under the concept of equal opportunity, removing formal barriers for womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s political participation, such as providing women with voting rights, was considered sufficient, and it was for individual women to act.[35] However, it is argued that equal opportunity removes formal barriers, whereas direct discrimination and a complex pattern of hidden barriers continue to prevent women from having a fair share of political power.[36] Quotas and other measures aiming at increasing womenà ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s political participation are thus regarded as means towards equality of result.[37] Equality as a goal cannot be achieved by formal equal treatment only.[38] If barriers exist, compensatory measures are required as a means to reach equality of result.[39] From this perspective, quotas are regarded as a compensation for various barriers that women confront in the electoral process.[40] The incremental track and the fast track do not only represent two different accounts of the actual pace of historical development in womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s political representation, but they can also be seen as two different types of equality policies.[41] Whereas the incremental track promotes formal equality based on the principle of gender equality as equal opportunity, the fast track promotes substantive equality based on the principle of gender equality as equality of results.[42] The two tracks involve two models, which are based on different identifications of the problems tha t diagnose womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s underrepresentation, different goals in terms of womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s political representation and, consequently, different political strategies to make changes.[43] The two models are also based on two different perceptions of historical development.[44] In conclusion, both the incremental track and the fast track have their advantages and their problems.[45] The fast track, in which womens political representation is increased form above, often turns women into tokens unless this process is followed by massive capacity-building, critique and support for the many elected women by womens organizations.[46] The incremental track to increase womens representation usually ensure that elected women have some power base outside parliament, but women worldwide can no longer wait for such a long time.[47] Immediate gender-balanced political representation is demanded by womens movements all over the world and therefore, it is argued that the in cremental track cannot any longer be considered the best model for womens political empowerment around the world.[48] . 4.3. Top-down Empowerment versus Bottom-up Empowerment Although there are many different routes to quotas, two distinct types of quota introduction can be identified, which might have different consequences for womens empowerment.[49] In some countries, like the Scandinavian ones, quotas were introduced after a history of gradual integration of women into public life.[50]This gradualism might be labeled as action à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"from belowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[51] In other countries, like South Asian countries, quotas were introduced from above.[52] As a case, the Latin American cluster should be placed between these two extremes.[53] The growing research on the South Asian countries points to the importance of extensive capacity building and support of the new elected women, who by the nature of empowerment from above have very few resources of their own. Other actors may also play direct or indirect roles in enforcing gender quotas. These include womens organizations inside and outside parties, which pressurize elites to comply with quota provisions, provide the elites and voters with information on quota regulations and train female candidates to negotiate better positions on the candidate lists.[54] Scholars argue that efforts to nominate more women never occur without the prior mobilization of women, even when male elites have the ultimate responsibility for the decision to adopt quotas.[55] Other actors include also national courts which provide an arena to challenge non-compliance with the law with regards to parties candidate lists.[56] At the same time, some womens groups do not support quotas and actively seek to undermine their implementation, although in some cases this is attributed to their aspiration to gain more radical measures, such as alternative policies providing for higher levels of womens representation.[57] Additionally, some judges may dismiss allegations of non-compliance and issue negative decisions concerning the applicability of quota laws.[58] Rejection of lists has proved to b e a very effective measure provided that the electoral management body in the country has the legal competence to reject the lists that break with the quota regulations with regard to the number or share of women, and effectively uses this power.[59] When the electoral authorities clearly warn political parties that their lists will be rejected and therefore will not be able to participate in the election if the required number or share of women in the required rank-order on the list is not obtained, the effect has proved to be strong.[60] Grassroots mobilization should not be seen as an alternative to formal political institutions as was the case some decades ago.[61] Rather, the present point of view around the world is that even if there is a risk that womens political representation remains symbolic, the increased womens political participation through gender quotas constitutes an opportunity for women.[62] However, strong womens movements in the civil society remain very imp ortant if the increased political representation of women is to result in policy changes in favor of women.[63] The literature on women and politics suggests two major perspectives on political participation, namely the descriptive and substantive perspectives.[64] 6.1. Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation, sometimes called mirror representation, refers to the shares of women and minorities in elected political bodies.[65] Financial Penalties and Incentives A number of countries penalize non-compliance financially. In Portugal for instance, a candidate list that does not comply with the quota regulations will be made public and will be punished with a fine, which is calculated according to the level of non-compliance.[66] In Ireland, an amendment to the electoral law stipulates that political parties in the coming national elections after the amendment enters into force will lose 50 per cent of their state funding if their candidate lists do not include at 30 per cent of each gender.[67] After a period of 7 years, the political parties should have a forty per cent gender quota in their candidate lists in order to receive full state funding.[68] Sanctions for non-compliance by parties with the required numbers or shares of women in their candidate lists have proved to be important.[69] The crucial question is which sanctions are applied and who has the responsibility for controlling parties compliance with the quota regulations.[70] However, some parties comply with quota laws and put women on the ballot in electable positions, even when sanctions are weak or even non-existent.[71] Such compliance may result from parties adopting voluntary quotas that are stricter than the national quota law, extensive lobbying by womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s groups in the country, a desire to increase political legitimacy, or a strategic calculation on the part of parties to gain womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s votes.[72] Indeed, some case study evidence supports this hypothesis of voluntary compliance.[73] There are three major types of sanctions for non-compliance: Rejection of lists has proved to be a very effective measure provided that the electoral management body in the country has the legal competence to reject the lists that break with the quota regulations with regard to the number or share of women, and effectively uses this power.[74] When the electoral authorities clearly warn political parties that their lists will b e rejected and therefore will not be able to participate in the election if the required number or share of women in the required rank-order on the list is not obtained, the effect has proved to be strong.[75] The numerical presence of women presumes that elected women will produce political perspectives and issues that are poorly represented.[76] Thus, the presumption that elected women would act on behalf of other women or represent their interests constitutes an essential element of arguments in favor of the equal representation of women and men in political bodies.[77] The majority of existing studies on women and politics primarily address the descriptive or numerical representation of women in politics.[78] 6.2. Substantive Representation In recent years, a number of studies on women and politics have begun to address substantive representation of women in politics.[79] It is defined as that dimension of representation where the representative is activing for those represented, and more specifically in a manner responsive to them.[80] A number of countries penalize non-compliance financially. In Portugal for instance, a candidate list that does not comply with the quota regulations will be made public and will be punished with a fine, which is calculated according to the level of non-compliance.[81] In Ireland, an amendment to the electoral law stipulates that political parties in the coming national elections after the amendment enters into force will lose 50 per cent of their state funding if their candidate lists do not include at 30 per cent of each gender.[82] After a period of 7 years, the political parties should have a forty per cent gender quota in their candidate lists in order to receive full state fun ding.[83] However, financial sanctions have proven less effective in some cases, especially in the case of rich political parties, as the case was in the national election in France for example.[84] Some countries have recently adopted a new system of financial incentives.[85] In Georgia for instance, where a quota bill has repeatedly been turned down, a 2011 provision in the law of political parties stipulates that nominating parties which include at least 20 per cent candidates of a different gender in the group of every 10 candidates will receive a 10 per cent supplementary funding from the state budget.[86] However, in order for incentives for including women to be have impact on the behaviors of parties, they should not be based on the number of women on the candidate list but on the percentage of women within a party who actually win seats.[87] Legal sanctions for non-compliance are only enforced in countries where quotas are introduced by law.[88] In the case of legisla ted quota regulations, legal sanctions can be much stronger if adopted in the electoral law and thus be binding for all political parties which participate in the election.[89] Without efforts to remove socio-cultural, political and economic structural barriers at the national and international levels, achieving gender equality or womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s equal political participation will remain impossible to attain.[90] An important element in the enabling environment is related to the nature of democracy and the level of democratization in society.[91] The participative and decentralized form of governance creates a greater space for citizens, including women, to participate in governance processes and structures.[92] It further creates a space for greater interaction between the state and the society.[93] Access to education, health and employment is directly linked with womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to create space for themselves in politics and development.[94] Additi onally, womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consciousness of their political rights is an important element for womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s individual and collective agency.[95] A strong womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s movement and civil society is another condition for a enabling environment that can influence the direction of politics and development in favor of women.[96] Moreover, the triple roles of women in productive, reproductive and community management spheres should guide the efforts for creating a supportive environment for womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s political participation.[97] Provision of childcare and care work is vital to enabling women to participate in politics.[98] [1] Kazuki Iwanaga, Womens Political Participation and Representation in Asia (NIAS Press 2008) 306. [2] Ibid. [3] Ibid. [4] Ibid. [5] Drude Dahlerup and others, Atlas of Electoral Gender Quotas (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2013) 15. [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] Ibid. [9] Ibid. [10] Maria De Paola, Vincenzo Scoppa and Rosetta Lombardo, Can Gender Quotas Break down Negative Stereotypes? Evidence from Changes in Electoral Rules (2010) 94 Journal of Public Economics, 344. [11] Farzana Bari, Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Political Participation: Issues and Challenges, Expert Group Meeting, Enhancing Participation of Women in Development through an Enabling Environment for Achieving Gender Equality and the Advancement of Women (United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women 2005) 4. [12] Ibid. [13] Ibid. [14] Ibid 5. [15] Ibid. [16] Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center, Women Political Representation: Handbook on Increasing Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Political Participation in Georgia (2014) 10. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Joyce Gelb and Marian Lief Palley, Women and Politics around the World (ABC-CLIO 2009)90. [20] Ibid. [21] Ibid. [22] Ibid. [23] Ibid. [24] Ibid. [25] Ibid 100. [26] Ibid. [27] Ibid. [28] Ibid. [29] Ibid. [30] Drude Dahlerup and others, Atlas of Electoral Gender Quotas (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2013) 16. [31] Drude Dahlerup and Lenita Freidenvall, Judging Gender Quotas: Predictions and Results (2010) 38 Policy Politics, 408. [32] Ibid. [33] Ibid. [34] Drude Dahlerup and Lenita Freidenvall, Quotas as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fast Trackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ To Equal Representation for Women (2005) 7 International Feminist Journal of Politics, 29. [35] Ibid. [36] Ibid. [37] Ibid. [38] Ibid 29-30. [39] Ibid 30. [40] Ibid. [41] Drude Dahlerup and Lenita Freidenvall, E lectoral Gender Quota Systems and Their Implementation in Europe (European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies 2008) 21. [42] Ibid. [43] Ibid. [44] Ibid. [45] Drude Dahlerup and Lenita Freidenvall, Quotas as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fast Trackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to Equal Representation for Women (2005) 7 International Feminist Journal of Politics, 46. [46] Ibid. [47] Ibid. [48] Ibid. [49] Ibid 45. [50] Ibid. [51] Ibid. [52] Ibid. [53] Ibid. [54] Mona Lena Krook, Quotas for Women in Politics (Oxford University Press 2009) 41-42. [55] Ibid 21. [56] Ibid 42. [57] Ibid. [58] Ibid. [59] Drude Dahlerup, Electoral Gender Quota Systems and Their Implementation in Europe: Update 2013 (European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policy 2013) 17. [60] Ibid. [61] Kazuki Iwanaga, Womens Political Participation and Representation in Asia (NIAS Press 2008) 306. [62] Ibid. [63] Ibid. [64] Ibid 3. [65] Susan F ranceschet, Mona Lena Krook and Jennifer M Piscopo, The Impact of Gender Quotas (Oxford University Press 2012) 25. [66] Ibid. [67] Ibid. [68] Ibid. [69] Ibid 40. [70] Drude Dahlerup, Electoral Gender Quota Systems and Their Implementation in Europe: Update 2013 (European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policy 2013)17. [71] Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer, Making Quotas Work: The Effect of Gender Quota Laws on the Election of Women (2009) 34 Legislative Studies Quarterly, 21. [72] Ibid. [73] Ibid. [74] Drude Dahlerup, Electoral Gender Quota Systems and Their Implementation in Europe: Update 2013 (European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policy 2013) 17. [75] Ibid. [76] Ibid 5. [77] Ibid. [78] Ibid 3. [79] Ibid 4. [80] Emanuela Lombardo and Petra Meier, The Symbolic Representation of Gender (Ashgate Publishing Limited 2014) 139. [81] Ibid. [82] Ibid. [83] Ibid. [84] Drude Dahlerup and Lenita Freidenvall, Judgi ng Gender Quotas: Predictions and Results (2010) 38 Policy Politics, 412-413. [85] Drude Dahlerup, Electoral Gender Quota Systems and Their Implementation in Europe: Update 2013 (European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policy 2013) 18. [86] Ibid. [87] Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center, Women Political Representation: Handbook on Increasing Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Political Participation in Georgia (2014) 19. [88] Drude Dahlerup and Lenita Freidenvall, Judging Gender Quotas: Predictions and Results (2010) 38 Policy Politics, 413. [89] Drude Dahlerup, Electoral Gender Quota Systems and Their Implementation in Europe: Update 2013 (European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policy 2013) 17. [90] Farzana Bari, Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Political Participation: Issues and Challenges, Expert Group Meeting, Enhancing Participation of Women in Development through an Enabling Environment for Achieving Gender Equality and the Advancement of Women (United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women 2005) 10. [91] Ibid. [92] Ibid. [93] Ibid. [94] Ibid. [95] Ibid. [96] Ibid. [97] Ibid. [98] Ibid 10-11.

Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground - Exposing the...

Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground - Exposing the Unseen Depths of the Human Mind The lights are on but nobody’s home. My elevator doesn’t go to the top. I’m not playing with a full deck. I’ve lost my marbles. †¦.cause I am cra-a-zy! Just like yooou! -Barenaked Ladies Crazy. That is how Dostoevsky’s man from the underground is referred to as he writes his notes-- his paradox on life. Is he crazy? Are his ramblings only the cries of a madman? Many would like to think so and our narrator would probably agree that they are only normal in thinking that. They are decent people. And yet, maybe there is a bit of truth in these notes. Perhaps we are all crazy. No? Ok, we are all decent people who function effectively in society.†¦show more content†¦This awkward conversation continued to be strange, yet somehow relaxed. The narrator speaks to Liza distantly at first, but soon begins spinning stories and painting pictures as though he took it right out of a book. It is easy for a person to slip into conformity, speaking of things existentially related to oneself. Entertaining ideas unrelated to oneself is much more comfortable than acknowledging those that are close to the heart. In a debate, we are trained to say what is expected to be hea rd. To take a unique angle or stand is frightening for it opens the door to be vulnerable. Vulnerability is an emotion that humans strive to avoid, yet it is opening up that allows for growth: it allows for love. When a person is vulnerable, one lets another person or idea enter into one’s reality. The narrator begins to do this with Liza, but he has been trained for so long that he does not know how: That’s how I’ll get to you, I thought, with just such pictures, although, I swear, I spoke with feeling (p114). Even when he thinks he is being truthful, he is only reciting lines that are not truly unique. He cannot remove his mask that has been painted on for so long. All humans have this tendency to mask vulnerability. Love is not about saving someone else, but letting someone save you. What a unique thought. We are taught that we are strong individuals who do not need anyone else; we are taught we are perfectly capable of total independence. We are self-reliant . Look

Computer System Essay - 1596 Words

This paper is a study of the current analytical status of the Registrar’s Office and prescriptions for its improvement. All numeric data on Gordon College is found in the 2016-2017 Common Data Set. This document does not include information on the Registrar’s Office, but my experience as an employee will supplement any information not contained in the data set or on the College Website. Describe your companys position and ability to compete on analytics. The Office, as it now stands, is not an analytical competitor. Although it utilizes the skills of a Systems Developer, his role is to keep track student and program data, and to ensure student websites are functioning. However, we have an ability to compete on analytics using our†¦show more content†¦The evidence successfully resulted in an extension of our Student Records and Transcript Assistant’s hours and continuing the budget for the Intern’s salary. 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Challenges in Accounting Led

Question: What Challenges in accounting led to the Failure of ABC Learning Center? Answer: Introduction The various considerations of the literature review of the ABC learning center is seen to be important for the purpose of the discussions based on the several types of the policy blunders and mistreatment of the revenues and the earnings. It was seen that the auditors failed to interpret the earnings and the revenues of the company. Some of the important failures of the company has been identified in terms of the non adherence to the corporate governance policies. Some of the other financial discrepancy has been identified in terms of mismanagement of high debts (Coll et al. 2013) Over the years, accounting profession is identified as an important part of the society and has been recognized with several challenges. Development of the dynamic accounting practice is identified as the key consideration to excel in the profession. The main reforms of the accounting profession has been identified in terms of the various types of the reforms which has been made in the accounting profession in terms of the development of contextual, social and the behavioral outcomes. As per the present practices of the accountants, the, the professional accountants have to go through tremendous external pressure. Some of the key components in the literature review have been identified in from of recognition of corporate governance mechanisms and profession to follow codes of professional conduct. Some of the important discussions based on the literature review has been able to discuss on the main challenges in form professional code of conduct, ASX Corporate Governance principles an d the recommendations and various types of the norms which needs to be followed for the purpose of maintaining adequate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Lee, Lee and Kwon 2014). Professional Code of Conduct As per the accounting Standards, which are followed in Australia the most important emphasis, has been seen to be given in terms of the adherence of the Code of Ethics for professional Accountants. This code was introduced in 2006 and was revised in the year 2008 by the Accounting Professional and the Ethical Standards Board (APESB). The aforementioned board was seen to be constituted by the CPA, ICAA and NIA (Everingham et al. 2013). The main responsibility of this board has been mainly identified in form of the regulations, which are set on two fold rules. The first being member engagement, system target and self-regulation. The second rule aims to formulate the restoration of the reputation of the accountants, which is seen to be generally demanded by the public (Scarino 2014). The professional code of the ethics is seen to be contributing in terms of conducting a framework for the self-regulation of the accounting profession. It further requires the individual members of the acco untancy profession to act in respect of the public interest and reflect wider responsibility for the community rather than only focusing on only the employers, clients and the shareholders (Scarino 2014). The diagram for the contemporary challenges in the accounting profession has been shown below as follows: Figure 1: The contemporary challenges in the accounting profession (Source: Bahadori, Zendehboudi and Zahedi 2013) The implementation of the various types of the professional codes has been able to show the various types of the implementations based on a series of accounting Scandal in ABC Learning Centers. It has been further seen that apart from the well known bankruptcies such as in HIH Insurance, Enron and WorldCom, the accountants were found to be guilty for violating the professional code of ethics as per Australian Corporations Act (Shahiduzzaman, Layton and Alam 2015). The principle of the integrity under the section 110.1 is able to impose the various types of the obligation, which have been able to drawn from the various type of the members of the honest professional and business relationship integrity. The various types of the objectivity under the section 120.1 has been able to impose the obligation which is applicable to all the members to compromise of their business judgment and various types of the conflicts arising out of the business interest (Yunupingu and Muller 2013). The principle of the professional competence and due care has been able to highlight the various type of the issues which is stated under section 130.1 and imposition of obligations on the members. Including the members to maintain the professional knowledge and the skill required to ensure Clients or the employers are able to receive competent professional service. The fourth fundamental concept has been further discussed under section 140.1. It has been further seen tha t the various types of the obligations of the business to refrain from disclosing and the using the confidential information which is acquired as a result of the legal duty to be disclosed. The professional behavior is seen to be included under the section 150.1 and the principle imposes the actions based on the obligations on the members to comply with the various types of the laws and the regulation. These are associated to avoid the action or the omissions, which is seen to be associated to the relevant laws and regulation or avoid any omissions, which fall under the informed third party, having the relevant informed third party, and negatively affect the reputation of the profession (Bahadori and Nwaoha 2013). However based on the accounting bodies there has been several efforts made for being ethical for drawing the criticism. The public perception of these efforts are seen to be low, the ethical considerations have been questioned based on the quality standards. In case of ABC Learning Centers, it has been observed that the ethical code has been stigmatized as the typical reaction to the profession has been seen to be powerless (Lynn and Brownie 2015). Corporate Governance, Recommendations and Principles of ASX As discussed in the professional ethical code, the ASXs CG rule was developed in the early 2000s to counter blatant instances, which is also evident in case of ABC Learning Center. These particular rules are seen to be applicable in terms of ASXCG council to augment the Corporations Act 2001, which is often known as the corporations Act, 2001. These Laws are relevant on suggesting on the important aspects of the corporate Governance practice (Kidd et al. 2015). The recent changes in the corporate governance code have been able to include the eight principles as well changes with relevance to the further guidance and support to companies. The main principle has been able to show the relevant structure and the tasks, which is able to incorporate the relevant principles for ethical decision-making, integrity, disclosure rules, risk management and the shareholders rights. Some of the major changes has been further been seen in terms of the various types of the consideration which are seen to be made in the implementation of the new materials and formerly incorporated principles. The guidance to the CG practices is further seen to be dealing with the rights and responsibilities from companys point of view. The important factor taken into consideration in this aspect has been mainly seen in terms of informing the investment decisions through full and fair disclosure. This is particularly relevant in case of the ABC Learning Centers. It has been f urther seen to be critical from the CG perspective that all the companies need to disclose the relevant portrayal of the financial position. Although in the past, it has been identified that the public company has been seen to be affected by the several types of the theories, which are seen to be associated to depleting financial condition (Cheshire, Everingham and Lawrence 2014). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) The corporations need to react in the socially and environmentally responsible manner. They are expected to contribute to sustain the development and have the different activities scrutinized. It has been further seen that the CSR activities in Australian companies are defined under the World Business Council for sustainable development. Figure 2: Activities for CSR (Source:Behavior Analyst Certification Board 2016) From the very beginning of this decade, it has been considered that accounting profession has been seen with several corporate scandals. These scandals have been seen to be evident in form of suspicious accounting practices and CSR approaches. The collapse of company such as ABC Learning Center has a significant amount of impact in terms of maintaining ethics of accounting profession and events, which consequently generated several amendments in the corporate social responsibility reporting. The company was seen to be making profits at the cost of Australian taxpayers whose money was subsidized for the use of child care by tested tax rebates (Burns et al. 2013). A major survey was conducted by KPMG International survey for stating the guidelines under CSR reporting 2008. As per the survey close to 80% of the largest 250 companies in the world has issued that CSR report that is considered 50% more than it was in 2005. It was further observed that the reporting level was maximum from Japan with 93% of the companys regularly disclosing their activities associated to corporate social responsibility is integrated with their annual reports (Rose et al. 2013). Japan was followed by United States and United Kingdom. With particular relevance to Australia, more than 45% of the listed companies are reporting CSR activities and the reporting process has now become a norm in the entire country. Some of the main issues of non-reporting was seen with principles of global framework and supply chain (Hou, Rego and Service 2013). The developments made in the last three years associated to standards and code of CSR practices such as the Global Reporting Initi ative, a see you having a major impact in the overall corporate social responsibility reporting. This is particularly evident from the last two years where companies has started to model is the CSR activities with their supply chain management (Hall, Agarwal and Green 2013). In 2007 company such as Mattel known as was leading toy manufacturer had to recall more than 20 million toys which was contaminated with lead as a result this was seen as a breach of CSR management and the reporting extends beyond the ownership and direct control. With a similar way the financial misinterpretations and the non reporting of the same in the annual report is often considered as a breach of CSR activity by ABC Learning Centers (Webb, McKellar and Kay 2013). Some of the earliest instances of the CSR including the ethical questions and social environment have been associated to accounting profession in the mid-1980s. With the increasing power, size and multinational enterprises several concerns and society have accepted the importance of disclosure of CSR activities in the annual report (Wardle et al. 2013). Summary of Literature Review In the recent times, the accounting profession in Australia and worldwide has shown significant transformations. This has been followed by a series of social scandals, stakeholders and issues associated to financial and environmental policies. It has been further seen that in the best interests associated to the profession that accountants have the opportunity to regain the credibility of an organization. It is an further seen that the accounting profession has asked to participate a number of improvements in the associated practices, allergies and laws which are seen to be governed by the business enterprise is and have taken considerations of becoming even larger and either diversify on a global scale. The accounting profession and the financial reporting is further considered include not only the stakeholders or thus shareholders but with the consideration of disclosure is associated with CSR policies it is equally responsible for reporting impacts on society and environment to th e general public. The increasing amount of concerns with the society and stakeholders and business ethics has raised the requirement for new accounting methods by which participants and organizations can address several matters to resolve the existing issues in accounting. Since 2005, the Australian reporting entities are required to maintain the International financial reporting standards (IFRS). As the adoption of IFRS began, the Australian accounting standards (AASB) made some modifications to the existing standards, in 2007 it came up with identical standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to maintain the compliance with regulatory standards. The several types of changes in the professional code of conduct has been further specified by the corporations act and ASXCG. Despite of the improving nature of the situations and the increasing financial value of the company is some of the important questions have been raised with the government regulators and the policymakers to make any significant changes to the existing system. Several policymakers have analyzed to what extent does the accounting profession wants the ethical issues to be addressed based on quality standards. The second issue which has been disclosed is related to the extent to which the CG practices are a comparable standard and the third aspect has been considered by checking the viability of scarce legislation on the Central Securities Depository CSD in countries such as Australia and alike on a global scale (Rogers, Saintilan and Copeland 2014). References BahadoriA. and NwaohaC. (2013) A review on solar energy utilisation in Australia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, pp. 15. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.003. BahadoriA., ZendehboudiS. and ZahediG. (2013) A review of geothermal energy resources in Australia: Current status and prospects, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, pp. 2934. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.020. Behavior Analyst Certification Board (2016) Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysts, Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysts, p. 24. Available at: https://www.bacb.com/Downloadfiles/BACB_Compliance_Code.pdf. CheshireL., EveringhamJ. A. and LawrenceG. (2014) Governing the impacts of mining and the impacts of mining governance: Challenges for rural and regional local governments in Australia, Journal of Rural Studies, 36, pp. 330339. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.10.010. CollM., LibralatoS., PitcherT. J., SolidoroC. and TudelaS. (2013) Sustainability implications of honouring the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Global Environmental Change, 23(1), pp. 157166. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.017. EveringhamJ. A., PattendenC., KlimenkoV. and ParmenterJ. (2013) Regulation of resource-based development: Governance challenges and responses in mining regions of Australia, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 31(4), pp. 585602. doi: 10.1068/c10184. HallR., AgarwalR. and GreenR. (2013) The future of management education in Australia: challenges and innovations, Education + Training, 55(4), pp. 348369. doi: 10.1108/00400911311326009. HouX. Y., RegoJ. and ServiceM. (2013) Review article: Paramedic education opportunities and challenges in Australia, EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia, pp. 114119. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12034. LeeY. H., LeeY.-M. and KwonH. J. (2014) [Development of a code of professional conduct for medical students and residents]., Korean journal of medical education, 26(4), pp. 321333. doi: 10.3946/kjme.2014.26.4.321. KiddD., MaloneB., McBratneyA., MinasnyB. and WebbM. (2015) Operational sampling challenges to digital soil mapping in Tasmania, Australia, Geoderma Regional, 4, pp. 110. doi: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2014.11.002. LynnA. and BrownieS. (2015) The Perioperative Nurse Surgeons Assistant: Issues and challenges associated with this emerging advanced practice nursing role in Australia, Collegian, 22(1), pp. 109115. doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2013.12.004. RogersK., SaintilanN. and CopelandC. (2014) Managed Retreat of Saline Coastal Wetlands: Challenges and Opportunities Identified from the Hunter River Estuary, Australia, Estuaries and Coasts, 37(1), pp. 6778. doi: 10.1007/s12237-013-9664-6. RoseM., FergusonA., PowerE., TogherL. and WorrallL. (2013) Aphasia rehabilitation in Australia: Current practices, challenges and future directions., International journal of speech-language pathology, 16(2), pp. 112. doi: 10.3109/17549507.2013.794474. ScarinoA. (2014) Situating the challenges in current languages education policy in Australia unlearning monolingualism, International Journal of Multilingualism, 11(3), pp. 3741. doi: 10.1080/14790718.2014.921176. WardleJ. L., AdamsJ., LuiC.-W. and SteelA. E. (2013) Current challenges and future directions for naturopathic medicine in Australia: a qualitative examination of perceptions and experiences from grassroots practice., BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13(1), p. 15. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-15. WebbR. J., McKellarR. and KayR. (2013) Climate change adaptation in Australia: experience, challenges and capability development, Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 20(4), pp. 320337. doi: 10.1080/14486563.2013.835285. YunupinguD. and MullerS. (2013) Cross-cultural challenges for Indigenous sea country management in Australia, Australian Journal of Environmental Management, 16(3), pp. 158167. doi: 10.1080/14486563.2009.9725216.